教程助手：生成技术类教程 ​

角色介绍 ​

功能说明 ​

输入一句话，生成一篇偏技术类教程文档，支持自定义语言。

设计思路 ​

先通过 LLM 大模型生成教程的目录，再对目录按照二级标题进行分块，对于每块目录按照标题生成详细内容，最后再将标题和内容进行拼接。分块的设计解决了 LLM 大模型长文本的限制问题。

源码 ​

GitHub Source Code

角色定义 ​

1. 定义角色类，继承 Role 基类，重写 __init__ 初始化方法。__init__ 方法必须包含name、profile、goal、constraints 参数。第一行代码使用super().__init__(name, profile, goal, constraints) 调用父类的构造函数，实现 Role 的初始化。使用 self._init_actions([WriteDirectory(language=language)]) 添加初始的 action 和 states，这里先添加写目录的 action。同时，也可以自定义参数，这里加了 language 参数支持自定义语言。

   python

   class TutorialAssistant(Role):
       """Tutorial assistant, input one sentence to generate a tutorial document in markup format.
   
       Args:
           name: The name of the role.
           profile: The role profile description.
           goal: The goal of the role.
           constraints: Constraints or requirements for the role.
           language: The language in which the tutorial documents will be generated.
       """
   
       def __init__(
           self,
           name: str = "Stitch",
           profile: str = "Tutorial Assistant",
           goal: str = "Generate tutorial documents",
           constraints: str = "Strictly follow Markdown's syntax, with neat and standardized layout",
           language: str = "Chinese",
       ):
           super().__init__(name, profile, goal, constraints)
           self._init_actions([WriteDirectory(language=language)])
           self.topic = ""
           self.main_title = ""
           self.total_content = ""
           self.language = language

   class TutorialAssistant(Role):
       """Tutorial assistant, input one sentence to generate a tutorial document in markup format.
   
       Args:
           name: The name of the role.
           profile: The role profile description.
           goal: The goal of the role.
           constraints: Constraints or requirements for the role.
           language: The language in which the tutorial documents will be generated.
       """
   
       def __init__(
           self,
           name: str = "Stitch",
           profile: str = "Tutorial Assistant",
           goal: str = "Generate tutorial documents",
           constraints: str = "Strictly follow Markdown's syntax, with neat and standardized layout",
           language: str = "Chinese",
       ):
           super().__init__(name, profile, goal, constraints)
           self._init_actions([WriteDirectory(language=language)])
           self.topic = ""
           self.main_title = ""
           self.total_content = ""
           self.language = language

2. 重写 _react 方法。_react 方法循环执行 think 和 action 操作，当没有下一步 action 去 todo 时就结束循环。执行完所有的 action 后可以做最后的操作，这里是把拼接完的教程内容写成markdown文件。

   python

   async def _react(self) -> Message:
       """Execute the assistant's think and actions.
   
       Returns:
       	A message containing the final result of the assistant's actions.
       """
       while True:
           await self._think()
           if self._rc.todo is None:
               break
       	msg = await self._act()
       root_path = TUTORIAL_PATH / datetime.now().strftime("%Y-%m-%d_%H-%M-%S")
       await File.write(root_path, f"{self.main_title}.md", self.total_content.encode('utf-8'))
       return msg

   async def _react(self) -> Message:
       """Execute the assistant's think and actions.
   
       Returns:
       	A message containing the final result of the assistant's actions.
       """
       while True:
           await self._think()
           if self._rc.todo is None:
               break
       	msg = await self._act()
       root_path = TUTORIAL_PATH / datetime.now().strftime("%Y-%m-%d_%H-%M-%S")
       await File.write(root_path, f"{self.main_title}.md", self.total_content.encode('utf-8'))
       return msg

3. 重写 _think 方法，_think 方法是思考下一步的执行。如果 todo 为空，即没有下一步操作要执行，则设置 state 为 0 。如果执行下一步后 state 会超出了初始化的 states 长度，说明目前已经是最后一步了，将 todo 设为空使得在 _react 方法会跳出循环，不再执行 think 和 action，否则 state 加 1 记录。

   python

   async def _think(self) -> None:
       """Determine the next action to be taken by the role."""
       if self._rc.todo is None:
           self._set_state(0)
           return
   
       if self._rc.state + 1 < len(self._states):
           self._set_state(self._rc.state + 1)
       else:
           self._rc.todo = None

   async def _think(self) -> None:
       """Determine the next action to be taken by the role."""
       if self._rc.todo is None:
           self._set_state(0)
           return
   
       if self._rc.state + 1 < len(self._states):
           self._set_state(self._rc.state + 1)
       else:
           self._rc.todo = None

4. 重写 _act 方法，_act 方法是执行 action。使用 todo = self._rc.todo 从上下文获取下一步要执行的 action，再执行 action 的 run 方法。这里是先通过 WriteDirectory 获取教程的目录结构，再分块目录，每块生成一个 WriteContent 的 action，再初始化新添加的 action。每个 action 执行完的结果生成消息 Message(content=resp, role=self.profile)，可以将其放入上下文内存 self._rc.memory，该角色不需要存入。

   python

   async def _act(self) -> Message:
       """Perform an action as determined by the role.
   
       Returns:
       	A message containing the result of the action.
       """
       todo = self._rc.todo
       if type(todo) is WriteDirectory:
           msg = self._rc.memory.get(k=1)[0]
           self.topic = msg.content
           resp = await todo.run(topic=self.topic)
           logger.info(resp)
           return await self._handle_directory(resp)
       resp = await todo.run(topic=self.topic)
       logger.info(resp)
       if self.total_content != "":
           self.total_content += "\n\n\n"
       self.total_content += resp
       return Message(content=resp, role=self.profile)
   
   async def _handle_directory(self, titles: Dict) -> Message:
       """Handle the directories for the tutorial document.
   
       Args:
           titles: A dictionary containing the titles and directory structure,
                   such as {"title": "xxx", "directory": [{"dir 1": ["sub dir 1", "sub dir 2"]}]}
   
       Returns:
           A message containing information about the directory.
       """
       self.main_title = titles.get("title")
       directory = f"{self.main_title}\n"
       self.total_content += f"# {self.main_title}"
       actions = list()
       for first_dir in titles.get("directory"):
           actions.append(WriteContent(language=self.language, directory=first_dir))
           key = list(first_dir.keys())[0]
           directory += f"- {key}\n"
           for second_dir in first_dir[key]:
               directory += f"  - {second_dir}\n"
       self._init_actions(actions)
       self._rc.todo = None
       return Message(content=directory)

   async def _act(self) -> Message:
       """Perform an action as determined by the role.
   
       Returns:
       	A message containing the result of the action.
       """
       todo = self._rc.todo
       if type(todo) is WriteDirectory:
           msg = self._rc.memory.get(k=1)[0]
           self.topic = msg.content
           resp = await todo.run(topic=self.topic)
           logger.info(resp)
           return await self._handle_directory(resp)
       resp = await todo.run(topic=self.topic)
       logger.info(resp)
       if self.total_content != "":
           self.total_content += "\n\n\n"
       self.total_content += resp
       return Message(content=resp, role=self.profile)
   
   async def _handle_directory(self, titles: Dict) -> Message:
       """Handle the directories for the tutorial document.
   
       Args:
           titles: A dictionary containing the titles and directory structure,
                   such as {"title": "xxx", "directory": [{"dir 1": ["sub dir 1", "sub dir 2"]}]}
   
       Returns:
           A message containing information about the directory.
       """
       self.main_title = titles.get("title")
       directory = f"{self.main_title}\n"
       self.total_content += f"# {self.main_title}"
       actions = list()
       for first_dir in titles.get("directory"):
           actions.append(WriteContent(language=self.language, directory=first_dir))
           key = list(first_dir.keys())[0]
           directory += f"- {key}\n"
           for second_dir in first_dir[key]:
               directory += f"  - {second_dir}\n"
       self._init_actions(actions)
       self._rc.todo = None
       return Message(content=directory)

Action定义 ​

1. 定义 action，每个 action 对应一个 class 对象，继承 Action 基类，重写 __init__ 初始化方法。。__init__ 方法包含 name 参数。第一行代码使用 super().__init__(name, *args, **kwargs) 调用父类的构造函数，实现 action 的初始化。这里使用 args、kwargs 将其他参数传递给父类的构造函数，比如 context、llm。

   python

   #!/usr/bin/env python3
   # _*_ coding: utf-8 _*_
   """
   @Time    : 2023/9/4 15:40:40
   @Author  : Stitch-z
   @File    : tutorial_assistant.py
   @Describe : Actions of the tutorial assistant, including writing directories and document content.
   """
   
   from typing import Dict
   
   from metagpt.actions import Action
   from metagpt.prompts.tutorial_assistant import DIRECTORY_PROMPT, CONTENT_PROMPT
   from metagpt.utils.common import OutputParser
   
   
   class WriteDirectory(Action):
       """Action class for writing tutorial directories.
   
       Args:
           name: The name of the action.
           language: The language to output, default is "Chinese".
       """
   
       def __init__(self, name: str = "", language: str = "Chinese", *args, **kwargs):
           super().__init__(name, *args, **kwargs)
           self.language = language

   #!/usr/bin/env python3
   # _*_ coding: utf-8 _*_
   """
   @Time    : 2023/9/4 15:40:40
   @Author  : Stitch-z
   @File    : tutorial_assistant.py
   @Describe : Actions of the tutorial assistant, including writing directories and document content.
   """
   
   from typing import Dict
   
   from metagpt.actions import Action
   from metagpt.prompts.tutorial_assistant import DIRECTORY_PROMPT, CONTENT_PROMPT
   from metagpt.utils.common import OutputParser
   
   
   class WriteDirectory(Action):
       """Action class for writing tutorial directories.
   
       Args:
           name: The name of the action.
           language: The language to output, default is "Chinese".
       """
   
       def __init__(self, name: str = "", language: str = "Chinese", *args, **kwargs):
           super().__init__(name, *args, **kwargs)
           self.language = language

2. 重写 run 方法。run 方法是 action 执行的主要函数，使用 self._aask(prompt=prompt) 方法提问 LLM 大模型。

   python

   async def run(self, topic: str, *args, **kwargs) -> Dict:
       """Execute the action to generate a tutorial directory according to the topic.
   
       Args:
           topic: The tutorial topic.
   
       Returns:
           the tutorial directory information, including {"title": "xxx", "directory": [{"dir 1": ["sub dir 1", "sub dir 2"]}]}.
       """
       prompt = DIRECTORY_PROMPT.format(topic=topic, language=self.language)
       resp = await self._aask(prompt=prompt)
       return OutputParser.extract_struct(resp, dict)

   async def run(self, topic: str, *args, **kwargs) -> Dict:
       """Execute the action to generate a tutorial directory according to the topic.
   
       Args:
           topic: The tutorial topic.
   
       Returns:
           the tutorial directory information, including {"title": "xxx", "directory": [{"dir 1": ["sub dir 1", "sub dir 2"]}]}.
       """
       prompt = DIRECTORY_PROMPT.format(topic=topic, language=self.language)
       resp = await self._aask(prompt=prompt)
       return OutputParser.extract_struct(resp, dict)

3. 其他 action 写法类似。

   python

   class WriteContent(Action):
       """Action class for writing tutorial content.
   
       Args:
           name: The name of the action.
           directory: The content to write.
           language: The language to output, default is "Chinese".
       """
   
       def __init__(self, name: str = "", directory: str = "", language: str = "Chinese", *args, **kwargs):
           super().__init__(name, *args, **kwargs)
           self.language = language
           self.directory = directory
   
       async def run(self, topic: str, *args, **kwargs) -> str:
           """Execute the action to write document content according to the directory and topic.
   
           Args:
               topic: The tutorial topic.
   
           Returns:
               The written tutorial content.
           """
           prompt = CONTENT_PROMPT.format(topic=topic, language=self.language, directory=self.directory)
           return await self._aask(prompt=prompt)

   class WriteContent(Action):
       """Action class for writing tutorial content.
   
       Args:
           name: The name of the action.
           directory: The content to write.
           language: The language to output, default is "Chinese".
       """
   
       def __init__(self, name: str = "", directory: str = "", language: str = "Chinese", *args, **kwargs):
           super().__init__(name, *args, **kwargs)
           self.language = language
           self.directory = directory
   
       async def run(self, topic: str, *args, **kwargs) -> str:
           """Execute the action to write document content according to the directory and topic.
   
           Args:
               topic: The tutorial topic.
   
           Returns:
               The written tutorial content.
           """
           prompt = CONTENT_PROMPT.format(topic=topic, language=self.language, directory=self.directory)
           return await self._aask(prompt=prompt)

角色执行结果 ​

输入样例 ​

• MySQL 教程
• Redis 教程
• Hive 教程

执行命令样例 ​

贴对应的执行命令样例

执行结果 ​

生成的教程文档在项目的 /data/tutorial_docx 目录下。截图如下：

注意点 ​

该角色暂未支持联网搜索能力，内容生成依赖 LLM 大模型训练的数据。